Quantas infâncias? um estudo exploratório sobre discursos institucionais em defesa da primeira infância / How many childhoods? an exploratory study on institutional discourses in defense of early childhood

A defesa da Primeira Infância tem despontado no Brasil nos últimos anos com importante mobi-lização e militância dentro de um conjunto de lutas por direitos da infância e juventude mais amplo e que têm como matriz os Direitos Humanos e as conquistas de movimentos sociais que permitiram o advento do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Neste artigo, com o ob-jetivo de analisar especificidades do movimento pela Primeira Infância, apresentamos uma pesquisa documental exploratória sobre discursos de instituições e organizaçõesligadas a essa frente por meio de materiais veiculados em seus sítios eletrônicos. O material selecionado foi submetido à análise de conteúdo, meio pelo qual sistematizamos três categorias temáticas. Os resultados sugerem que parte das reivindicações dos grupos pela Primeira Infância concorrem com a Proteção Integral quanto à concepção do sujeito criança e adolescente e de seu desen-volvimento. Os achados foram discutidos criticamente e pela perspectiva da Psicologia Jurídica. (AU)

Early childhood has emerged in Brazil in recent years with important mobilization and mili-tancy within a set of struggles for the rights of the child embedded on Human Rights and the social movements that allowed the Brazil’s Child and Adolescent Statute to surge. In this arti-cle, and aiming to analyze Early Childhood movement specificities, we present an exploratory research on institutional and organizational discourses from Brazil’s Early Childhood move-ment on websites on the Internet. The collected data were submitted to content analysis, in a way that three analytical categories were created. The results suggest that some of those groups demands conflict with Full Protection advocacy regarding the very idea about children and adolescents and their development. The findings were discussed critically and from the perspective of Forensic Psychology. (AU)

Infancias y política

Reflexión alrededor de las infancias como constructo social, que en cada época y contexto histórico es permeable a múltiples sentidos. La infancia es considerada una producción nacida del Estado moderno, de las políticas sociales por él generadas, y de las instituciones que operaron como piezas en dicho momento histórico: la familia y la escuela principalmente.

La adopción, ¿cómo se siente?

Diferentes aspectos del proceso de adopción, desde el punto de vista del niño y de la madre y el padre adoptantes: compromiso e involucramiento, expectativas de los adoptantes, derechos del niño adoptado, el trabajo psíquico que se ve implicado en este vínculo, en el proceso de espera, o en el momento del encuentro entre el niño y sus adoptantes.

Infancias, familias y adopción

Distintos aspectos del régimen de adopción en Argentina, donde rige la Ley 26.061 "Protección Integral sobre los Derechos de las Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes" (2005), y el Código Civil y Comercial contempla la solicitud de declaración de adoptabilidad de niños, niñas y adolescentes como una medida de último término, cuando se hubieren agotado sus posibilidades de permanencia con su familia de origen o en hogares convivenciales.

Outcomes and outputs affiliated with Children's Advocacy Centers in the United States: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The Children's Advocacy Center (CAC) model is the predominant multidisciplinary model that responds to child sexual abuse (CSA) in the United States (US). While the CAC model has made important contributions in case coordination and referrals for specialty services, little is known about child- or family-oriented outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Explore the trends and gaps involving outcome and output measures affiliated with CACs in the US. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING: A scoping review of the literature was conducted on English language articles published between 1985-2019 that involved CACs and children less than 18 years of age. METHODS: An electronic database search using the terms "Children's Advocacy Center(s)," "Child Advocacy Center(s)," and "CAC(s)" identified titles and abstracts. Data from articles selected for full text review were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team using a mixed methods approach. RESULTS: Measures of CAC impact frequently focus on service and programmatic outputs with person-centered outcomes left often reported. The most prevalent output measures related to case prosecution and forensic interviews. Person-centered outcomes most commonly emphasized child mental health and caregiver satisfaction. The majority of articles were limited by weak or unspecified study designs. CONCLUSION: The current literature on CACs suggests that while they are successful in coordinating services and facilitating referrals, little is known about how engagement with CACs impacts short- and long-term outcomes for children and families. Further research beyond cross sectional or quasi-experimental designs is necessary to better understand how variability in CAC structure, function, and resources can be optimized to meet the needs of the diverse communities that they serve. This is especially salient given the national dissemination of the CAC model. Without such additional studies, knowledge will remain limited regarding the enduring impacts of CACs on the lives of those impacted by CSA.

Narrar (sobre) el origen

Se abordan los movimientos leer-escribir, como los denomina Pascal Quignard (2014), a partir de un recorrido profesional, singular, en organismos de Protección de los Derechos de Infancias y Adolescencias; particularmente en dispositivos convivenciales y en el acompañamiento profesional realizado en procesos de ahijar a partir de la adopción. (AU)

Jugar es un asunto serio / No disponible

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El juego divierte, forma, socializa y cura / Play amuses, forms, socializes and heals

El juego contribuye de manera fundamental al desarrollo de las capacidades intelectuales, emocionales y motoras. En él manifiestan los niños sus vivencias, necesidades y conflictos. La terapia de juego busca un ambiente de confianza, comprensión, respeto y responsabilidad, donde expresen sus problemas mientras juegan, creando una relación que atienda las carencias de sus circunstancias personales y familiares, facilitando el desarrollo de la personalidad y la adquisición progresiva de una madurez personal y social

Play contributes fundamentally to the development of intellectual, emotional and motor skills. Children show trough it their experiences, needs and conflicts. Play therapy seeks an environment of trust, understanding, respect and responsibility, where they express their problems while playing, creating a relationship that addresses the shortcomings of their personal and family circumstances, facilitating the development of personality and the progressive acquisition of personal and social maturity

Uso de telepsiquiatría para apoyar la atención primaria de salud mental en el tratamiento de niños, niñas y adolescentes con vulneración de derechos: resultados preliminares / Use of telepsychiatry to support primary mental health care in the treatment of children and adolescents with rights violations: preliminary results

he aim of this study was to present preliminary results of a video-based consultation-liaison psychiatry service (telepsychiatry) to enhance the delivery of mental health services in primary health care (PHC) for institutionalized children and adolescents (ICA). A mixed-methods study was carried out at two PHC clinics in Quilpué, Chile, to assess the feasibility of a telepsychiatry service (TPS). TPS consisted of bimonthly, remotely conducted video-conference sessions between PHC teams and child and adolescent consultant psychiatrists located at the Psychiatric University Hospital in Santiago, to discuss mental health problems of ICA. During July to December 2018 thirteen TPS sessions were carried out, and a total of 15 ICA were discussed to elaborate diagnostic and/or therapeutic recommendations. The intervention was useful and acceptable to PHC providers. Participants perceived that better coordination between substitute care facilities and PHC clinics would be useful, and that training opportunities to address the mental health needs of ICA were required. A TPS to enhance the delivery of mental health services in PHC for ICA was feasible, further studies are needed to determine benefits for ICA. (AU)

Cáncer parental: díptico de soporte para padres y madres recién diagnosticados / Parental cancer: support diptych for newly diagnosed parents and mothers

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Out-of-home care for children at-risk in Israel and in Spain: current lessons and future challenges / La acogida a niños en riesgo de separación familiar en Israel y en España: lecciones actuales y retos futuros

This article compares the out-of-home care (OOHC) systems for children at-risk in Spain and Israel. Both countries share a strong tradition of placing children at-risk mainly in large residential care settings rather than familial solutions, and both face the challenge of the deinstitutionalization of care, including the tendency to substitute family-based solutions for institutional care. This article follows the historical development and current status of out-of-home care systems, as well as the main research contributions on these topics in both nations, revealing a great similarity. Both countries share a Mediterranean culture, in which the family ties are dominant in providing personal and social well-being. The strong family ties are assumed to be related to the slower consolidation of foster family care as an alternative for out-of-home placement. In Spain it has led to a high prevalence of kinship foster care, while in Israel this has led to high use of residential care settings. The challenges Spain and Israel face given this structure of public child care are discussed

Este artículo compara los sistemas de separación familiar de niños en riesgo en España e Israel. Ambos países comparten una fuerte tradición de dejar a los niños en riesgo principalmente en grandes ispositivos asistenciales residenciales en vez de recurrir a soluciones familiares; ambos hacen frente al reto de la desinstitucionalización de la asistencia, así como la tendencia a sustituir las soluciones centradas en la familia por la acogida institucional. Este artículo sigue el desarrollo histórico y el estado actual de los sistemas de separación familiar y las principales aportaciones de la investigación principal sobre estos temas en ambos países, que muestran una gran semejanza. Ambos países comparten la cultura mediterránea, en la que predominan los lazos familiares en la prestación del bienestar personal y social. Se supone que la fortaleza de estos lazos familiares tiene que ver con la lenta consolidación del acogimiento en una familia como alternativa a la separación familiar. En España esto ha dado lugar a una elevada prevalencia del acogimiento en la familia extensa, mientras que en Israel se han utilizado dispositivos de acogida residencial. Se discuten los retos que afrontan España e Israel ante esta estructura de acogida infantil pública

Evaluación cualitativa de impacto de un proyecto intersectorial sobre agroecología y calidad de vida en adolescentes de Argentina / Qualitative impact evaluation of an intersectoral project about agroecology and quality of life in adolescents of Argentina

Fundamentos: En Argentina se vienen observando mejoras en algunos aspectos de la calidad de vida de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, aún se encuentran afectados por múltiples problemáticas sociales que la afectan negativamente. Métodos: Estudio de investigación-acción a través de la implementación de agroecología escolar, con evaluación cualitativa a partir de análisis documental, entrevistas en profundidad a docentes y grupos focales con adolescentes escolarizados de una provincia de Argentina. Resultados: La intersectorialidad del proyecto fue alta. Se realizaron 7 grupos focales con 33 adolescentes y 10 entrevistas en profundidad con docentes. La aceptabilidad fue adecuada y se reconocieron barreras en la implementación. Los aportes a la calidad de vida fueron diferenciales según edad y situación escolar de los adolescentes. Los de menor edad se enfocaron en aspectos subjetivos y los de mayor edad en los objetivos. Los docentes manifestaron impactos positivos del proyecto a nivel escolar y del adolescente. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidenciaron aportes resolutivos a algunos aspectos de la calidad de vida en la adolescencia tanto objetivos como subjetivos factibles de llevarse a cabo desde el ambiente escolar desde una base de intersectorialidad. Se considera que el proyecto tiene potencial para ser escalado y/o replicado en otros contextos

Background: In Argentina, improvements have been observed in some aspects of the quality of life of adolescents. However, they are still affected by multiple social problems that affect them negatively. Methods: Action-research study through the implementation of school agroecology, with qualitative evaluation based on documentary analysis, in-depth interviews with teachers and focus groups with school-age adolescents from a province in Argentina. Results: The intersectorality of the project was high. There were 7 focus groups with 33 adolescents and 10 in-depth interviews with teachers. Acceptability was adequate and barriers to implementation were recognized. The contributions to the quality of life were different according to age and school status of the adolescents. The younger ones focused on subjective aspects and the older ones focused on the objectives. Teachers expressed positive impacts of the project at the school and adolescent levels. Conclusions: The results showed positive contributions to some aspects of the quality of life in adolescence, both objective and subjective, feasible to be carried out from the school environment from a base of intersectoriality. It is considered that the project has potential to be scaled and / or replicated in other contexts

La continuidad de cuidados en salud mental y la construcción de la red de protección en los menores en riesgo / The continuity of mental health care and the construction of the protection entwork for children at risk

Este trabajo pretende abordar la atención a los menores en salud mental, desde la prevención y la atención del riesgo psicosocial de forma holística hasta la construcción de la atención en red en su ámbito comunitario. El objetivo es lograr una intervención más eficaz que garantice la continuidad de cuidados abordando todas las contingencias que aparezcan en las distintas etapas de la vida, evitando la institucionalización y la medicalización, y respetando los derechos que amparan a los niños

This work tries to tackle the attention of minors in mental health, from the prevention and attention of the psychosocial risk in a holistic way, to the construction of the network attention, in its community level. The aim is to reach a more efficient intervention able to guarantee the continuity of the attentions, facing all the risks that appear in the different life stages, avoiding the institutionalization and medication, plus, respecting the rights that protect children

Egokitzen infantil: análisis de la eficacia de un programa de intervención grupal con hijos/as de padres/madres divorciados / Egokitzen infantil: the efficacy analysis of a group intervention program for children of divorced parents

Este estudio analiza la eficacia del programa de in-tervención "Egokitzen Infantil” para hijos/as de padres/madres divorciados. Los objetivos de este estudio son presentar el programa "Egokitzen Infantil”, analizar la eficacia de este programa en función de las variables de interés (percepción del conflicto interparental, inseguridad en el sistema familiar y regulación emocional) y analizar el impacto del programa en la salud de los/as menores. Diez hijos/as de padres/madres divorciados participaron en el grupo. Los resultados tras la evaluación pre-tratamiento y post-tratamiento muestran que las hipótesis se confirmaron parcialmente. Se describen también las limitaciones de este estudio

This study analyzed the feasibility of a group inter-vention program "Egokitzen Infantil” for children of divorced parents. The aims of this study are to introduce "Egokitzen Infantil” program, analyze the efficacy of this program in terms of inter-parental conflict, insecurity in family system and emotional regulation and analyze the impact of the program on children ́s health. Ten children of divorced parents participated in the group. Results based on the pre-treatment and post-treatment evalua-tion shows that the hypotheses were partially confirmed. Limitations of the study are discussed

Moving research beyond the spanking debate.

Despite numerous studies identifying a broad range of harms associated with the use of spanking and other types of physical punishment, debate continues about its use as a form of discipline. In this commentary, we recommend four strategies to move the field forward and beyond the spanking debate including: 1) use of methodological approaches that allow for stronger causal inference; 2) consideration of human rights issues; 3) a focus on understanding the causes of spanking and reasons for its decline in certain countries; and 4) more emphasis on evidence-based approaches to changing social norms to reject spanking as a form of discipline. Physical punishment needs to be recognized as an important public health problem.

Acceso de las familias a las unidades de internación de Neonatología en Iberoamérica: una realidad a mejorar / Family access to Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Latin America: A reality to improve

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ingreso de la familia en UCIN trae beneficios al RN y su familia, como eje de la atención humanizada. OBJETIVO: Conocer el estado actual sobre acceso de padres y familias en UCIN de Iberoamérica. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 15 países de Iberoamérica. Dos cuestionarios: 1) para enfermeros jefes con tareas de gestión y conducción, y 2) para enfermeros en tarea asistencial. Se exploró sobre características y modalidades de funcionamiento; uso de guías de acceso, opinión personal sobre derecho a ingresar, riesgos, interferencias o colaboración relacionadas al ingreso, y papel de enfermería en las decisiones. Líderes de enfermería de cada país identificaron contactos y obtuvieron autorización según regulaciones de cada país. Las repuestas fueron analizadas en forma centralizada sin identificación del participante. RESULTADOS: Seiscientos cuarenta cuestionarios; respuesta en 226 (35%). Entre 52 UCIN, el 63% dispone de lugar para estancia de madres (solo el 27% durante la noche); en el 31 (60%) existen carteles que indican sobre horarios fijos para «visitas» de padres. El ingreso irrestricto existe en solo 19 UCIN (36%); para hermanos y abuelos es más restringido (en el 29% no es posible). Entre las 174 enfermeras, el 76% considera que las madres deben acceder siempre, pero estos porcentajes disminuyen para padres, hermanos y abuelos; el 77% opina que enfermería favorece y el 35% que dificulta el acceso. Adicionalmente, el 48% opina que el ingreso interfiere con tareas de enfermería. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario un cambio cultural en las UCIN de Iberoamérica para que se respeten los derechos de los RN y sus familias durante la internación

INTRODUCTION: Family access to NICUs has benefits for the newborn (NB) and family, as the main way of humanised care. OBJECTIVE: To determine the current state of parents and families access to NICUs in Latin America. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 countries using two questionnaires: 1) directed at head nurses with management and supervision activities, and 2) nurses with care tasks. The features and modes of functioning were examined; the use access guides, personal opinion on the rights to enter, risks, interference, or collaboration as regards the patient, and nursing role in decisions. Nursing leaders of each country identified contacts and obtained authorisation under the regulations of each country. The responses were analysed centrally with the participants remaining anonymous. RESULTS: Out of 640 questionnaires issued, responses were received by 226 (35%). Among 52 NICU, 63% have a place for mothers to stay (only 27% overnight), and in 31 (60%) there are notices with fixed schedules for visiting the NB. Unrestricted access exists in only 19 NICU (36%), but for siblings and grandparents it is more restricted (it is not possible in 29%). Among the 174 nurses that responded, 76% feel that mothers should always have access, but these percentages decrease for fathers, siblings and grandparents. A large majority (77%) believe that nursing staff would favour access, and 35% would make it difficult. In addition, 48% believed that access interferes with nursing care. care. CONCLUSION: A cultural change is needed in the NICUs in Latin America in order to respect the rights of newborns and their families during hospitalization

Drogas recreativas actuales: ¿podemos hacer más para prevenir su consumo en los adolescentes? / Current recreational drugs: can we do more to prevent its use in teens?

En la prevención del consumo de drogas en los adolescentes, además de reclamar a nuestras autoridades medidas eficaces de control de la oferta, la clave está en una mayor implicación de los padres, los docentes y los profesionales sanitarios, tres pilares que contribuyen a reforzar la información y la resiliencia del adolescente y, por tanto, su capacidad para decidir. Se proponen unas pautas para mejorar desde estas perspectivas y se realiza una descripción de las drogas recreativas de actualidad (AU)

In the prevention of drug use among adolescents, in addition to our authorities claim effective control of supply, the key lies in greater involvement of parents, teachers and health professionals, three pillars that help to strengthen the information and resilience adolescent, and therefore its ability to decide. Guidelines are proposed to improve from these perspectives and a description of current recreational drugs is performed (AU)